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Phygital Business Review

About PBR

The Premier Voice Shaping the Global Phygital Economy

The Phygital Business Review (PBR) is the flagship publication of the American Phygital Association, advancing the global conversation on human‑centric phygital transformation. PBR delivers science‑grounded insights for leaders shaping the future of strategy, innovation, and organizational design as physical and digital realms converge into a single, integrated ecosystem. Committed to ecological publishing, PBR operates as an online‑first journal, offering subscriber‑exclusive issues alongside freely accessible PBR Insights used worldwide in business and academic settings. Each year, PBR curates its most exceptional work into a premium, limited Collector Edition reserved exclusively for APA Summit delegates.

PBR Print Collector

PBR Mission and Purpose

PBR’s mission is to ignite inspiration, provide valuable science-driven insights, and empower scholars, business leaders, and companies on the journey towards a successful ‘phygital’ transformation. This transformation must harmoniously merge the physical and digital realms, placing a human-centric philosophy at its core, rather than a purely technology-driven one. PBR firmly believes that the cornerstone of a successful implementation and integration of technology is the human element, not merely the technology itself.

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PBR is committed to sharing innovative ideas that challenge conventional business practices, stimulate thought among scholars and business leaders, enrich the learning experience for students, and contribute significantly to the reshaping of business models in the evolving phygital landscape.

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The primary objective of PBR is to provide a platform for research and practice in the phygital realm, encompassing both pioneering research and groundbreaking ideas. PBR’s aim is to address specific business challenges and issues pertinent to the phygital era. PBR embodies a business-oriented and scientifically rooted publishing philosophy, bridging the divide in phygital sciences and business practices between academia and industry professionals. PBR is dedicated to publishing problem-centric papers on phygital topics that are not only of interest to practitioners but are also easily comprehensible and applicable to them.

 

PBR is committed to contributing to business strategies, policy-making, and education by collating and presenting collective wisdom on phygital topics. PBR also strives to bring the latest scientific insights relevant to specific applied phygital business topics to the academic and industry community. To achieve these goals, the journal is organized into topic-based issues, each containing various sections overseen by domain-expert guest editors under the guidance of the PBR editor-in-chief.

PBR Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Wided Batat, Founder of Phygital Science

Distinguished Editorial Advisors

Dr. Gerald Zaltman, Harvard University, USA
Dr. Morris Holbrook, Columbia University, USA

Dr. Joseph Sirgy, Virginia Tech, USA

Associate Editors (full list coming soon)

Dr. Aric Rindfleisch, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
Dr. Ryall Carroll, St. John's University, USA

Dr. Pierre Berthon, Bentley University, USA

Dr. Mark S. Rosenbaum, The Citadel, USA

Dr. Linda Price, University of Wyoming, USA

Dr. Taewon Suh, Texas State University, USA

Dr. Christopher P. Blocker, Colorado State University, USA

Dr. Sertan Kabadayi, Fordham University, USA

Dr. Tonya Bradford, University of California, Irvine, USA

Dr. Kelley Cours Anderson, College of Charleston, USA 
Dr. Weng Marc Lim, Sunway University, Malaysia
Dr. Svetlana De Vos, Australian Institute of Business, Australia
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PBR Special Issue Articles

Phygital Business Review

PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Latest Published Articles

Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

Special Issue Editor: Dr. Wided Batat, Founder of Phygital Science

Choose Your Reading Options (Collector Print Edition reserved exclusively for APA Delegates)

Proposal Submission & Author Guidelines

Authors preparing submissions for PBR can access our official guidelines, outlining expectations for structure, rigor, ethics, and formatting. These standards ensure that all contributions meet the publication’s commitment to scientific quality, clarity, and impact. Author Guidelines PDF

Phygital Business Review Special Issue Editorial

Phygital Business Review invites guest editorials on phygital concepts. We seek innovative, evidence-based research from faculty passionate about human-centric phygital transformation. Contribute to our special issues and impact scholarship and business practices positively.

Phygital Business Review Insights

PBR Insights, an open access platform, publishes ‘Big Idea’ and ‘Frontier’ pieces on phygital topics. We invite submissions from faculty, entrepreneurs, executives, and students. Contribute and reimagine the future of business in the phygital age.

Closed Access

Phygital Business Review

Cite as: Batat, W. (2026). “The Phygital Economy: A New Discipline Reshaping Innovation, Ecosystems, and Human Centered Organizations.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 5-16, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

Editorial Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

The Phygital Economy: A New Discipline Reshaping Innovation, Ecosystems, and Human Centered Organization

Dr. Wided Batat, Founder of Phygital Science

Leaders are entering a new era in which physical and digital systems no longer operate as separate strategic domains but have fused into a single phygital ecosystem. This structural shift is redefining how organizations create, deliver, and experience value. Yet many leadership models, transformation strategies, and operational frameworks still assume a world where physical and digital environments function independently. The emerging Phygital Economy challenges this outdated logic. In hybrid environments, value is polycreated across interconnected physical and digital planes, where human experience acts as the integrator that gives coherence and meaning to the system. Organizations that continue treating digital transformation as a modernization project will fall behind, while those that embrace phygital dynamics will unlock new forms of competitive advantage. This article outlines the seven core principles of the Phygital Economy—Hybrid Embodiment, Contextual Fluidity, Multidimensional Entanglement, Continuity Across Modalities, Human‑First Logic, Ethical and Societal Responsibility, and Phyginography—to provide leaders with a new intellectual foundation for navigating hybrid ecosystems. The message is clear: thriving in the next decade requires rethinking the boundaries between physical and digital systems and adopting frameworks built for a world where both operate as one.

8,123 Total Reads

Open Access

Robotic Farming System

Case Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

Phygital Agriculture: FruitScout and the Rise of Industry 4.0 in the Field

Philip DesAutels, FruitScout, USA
Pierre Berthon
, Bentley University, USA
Tamara Rabinovich
, Quincy College, USA

Agriculture faces persistent unpredictability driven by biological variation. FruitScout reduces this uncertainty through a phygital platform that uses everyday smartphones to create plant‑level digital twins, bringing Industry 4.0 accuracy to upstream farming. By merging field observations with real‑time digital intelligence, growers gain clearer visibility into crop conditions and can plan harvests and supply‑chain activities with greater precision. FruitScout’s mobile computer‑vision system captures detailed plant data and converts it into actionable insights for yield forecasting, labor planning, and logistics coordination. A case study in agave production shows how this approach improves decision quality by revealing growth states that were previously difficult to measure. The result is more efficient operations and better alignment across the agricultural value chain. Unlike hardware‑heavy digitization strategies, FruitScout’s software‑centric model scales quickly and cost‑effectively. By relying on smartphones rather than specialized equipment, it lowers barriers to adoption while still delivering meaningful accuracy, thereby offering growers a practical path to modernizing production without major capital investment.

Cite as: DesAutels, P., Berthon, P. & Rabinovich, T. (2026). “Phygital Agriculture: FruitScout and the Rise of Industry 4.0 in the Field.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 41-51, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

1,379 Total Reads

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Closed Access

Image by Johnny Africa

Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

From the Remote Work Mirage to Phygital Work Design: A Framework for Coherence, Connection, and Sustainable Well‑Being

Kelley Cours Anderson, College of Charleston, USA

Remote and hybrid work have expanded at unprecedented speed, yet the promised gains in autonomy, flexibility, and well‑being have not materialized evenly. Many organizations now face what this article defines as the remote work mirage—a condition in which surface‑level flexibility obscures deeper patterns of disconnection, fatigue, and experiential incoherence. Most remote‑work strategies still rely on digital‑first assumptions that treat physical context, human embodiment, and symbolic meaning as secondary concerns. This outdated logic fails to account for how people actually experience work across intertwined physical and digital environments. A phygital lens challenges these assumptions by recognizing remote work as an ecosystem where physical settings, digital interactions, and human experience continuously shape one another. Building on Batat’s Employee Experience (EMX) framework, the article introduces the RENEW framework—Ritual, Environment, Navigation, Embodiment, and Workstyle Autonomy—as a structured approach for designing coherent and balanced phygital work systems. RENEW provides leaders with actionable guidance to restore experiential clarity, strengthen connection, and support sustainable well‑being in distributed teams. The message is clear: remote work cannot be optimized through digital tools alone. Thriving in the hybrid era requires intentionally designing phygital work systems that integrate physical cues, digital behaviors, and human needs. The RENEW framework offers a practical pathway for experience‑led transformation, enabling organizations to build remote work models that are not only more coherent but more sustainable for both employees and the enterprise.

Cite asAnderson K.C. (2026). “From the Remote Work Mirage to Phygital Work Design: A Framework for Coherence, Connection, and Sustainable Well-being.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 19-38, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

685 Total Reads

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Closed Access

Image by Michael Pointner

Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

Phygital Marketing as a Strategic Pathway to Enhancing Customer Well‑Being: A Customer Journey Perspective

Grace B. Yu, Duksung Women’s University, South Korea
M. Joseph Sirgy
, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, USA & North-West University, South Africa

Most companies still approach phygital marketing as isolated technology deployments rather than as a unified, human‑first strategy. A human‑centered design mindset reframes phygital innovation around people’s needs, behaviors, and well‑being, creating seamless experiences across the entire customer journey, from need recognition and search to purchase, usage, and end‑of‑life. By prioritizing human motivations over technological novelty, firms can build phygital experiences that strengthen satisfaction, trust, and long‑term engagement. Case examples show how leading organizations are already applying these principles, overcoming common implementation challenges, and designing interactions that genuinely enhance consumer well‑being. This shift moves companies beyond traditional digital transformation toward phygital innovation that keeps humans—not technology—at the center.

Cite as: Yu, G.B. & Sirgy, M.J. (2026). “Phygital Marketing as a Strategic Pathway to Enhancing Customer Well-being: A Customer Journey Perspective.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 54-65, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

367 Total Reads

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Closed Access

Image by Andrea De Santis

Case Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

A Phygital Model for AI Education in Business at Virginia Tech

Michelle Seref, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, USA
Onur Seref, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, USA
Reza Barkhi, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, USA

Business schools face rising pressure to prepare graduates for environments where physical operations and digital systems function as one. Virginia Tech’s Pamplin College of Business responds with BUS 1001, a first‑year course that builds AI literacy through the design of protocols governing human–machine collaboration. The course equips all business majors with practical competencies in design, testing, and ethical oversight, ensuring students can work responsibly and effectively with AI. Drawing on this experience, Pamplin introduces a broader framework for phygital education centered on people, protocols, and places. This model connects classroom learning, digital experimentation, and real‑world practice into a continuous cycle of reflection and improvement. Built around structured routines of protocol design, critique, and human oversight, the approach is accessible to students with diverse backgrounds and adaptable across resource levels. The case demonstrates how responsible AI education can strengthen innovation while keeping human judgment and accountability at the core of business practice.

Cite as: Seref, M., Seref, O. & Barkhi, R. (2026). “A Phygital Model for AI Education in Business at Virginia Tech.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 68-79, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

216 Total Reads

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Closed Access

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Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

A Framework of Phygital Innovations in Retailing

Hairong Li, Michigan State University, USA
Wenyu Dou, SKEMA Business School, China

Phygital retailing offers powerful ways to eliminate friction and elevate customer value, yet many retailers still struggle to address pain points across the customer journey. This study introduces a structured framework that maps three phases and nine steps where phygital innovations can meaningfully improve the experience by resolving moments of inefficiency, confusion, or disappointment. By blending physical and digital touchpoints, retailers can enhance cognitive, emotional, social, and physical dimensions of the customer experience in ways traditional methods cannot achieve. The framework shows how a single phygital innovation can influence multiple aspects of customer value, creating more seamless interactions from discovery to purchase and beyond. It also examines how these innovations evolve in fast‑changing markets and highlights emerging challenges retailers must navigate. Together, the insights offer practical guidance for both researchers and managers seeking to design phygital retail experiences that reduce friction, strengthen satisfaction, and deliver greater overall customer impact.

Cite as: Li, H. & Dou, W. (2026). “A Framework of Phygital Innovations in Retailing.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 82-91, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

209 Total Reads

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Closed Access

Image by Mohamed Nohassi

Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

Phygital Gap Analysis for Enhanced Employee Experience

Amie Gustafsson, Karlstad Business School, Karlstad University, Sweden
Boris Bartikowski, Kedge Business School, France
Kara Lund, Lund Global Coaching & Consulting, USA
Sara Gori, R3i Ventures, France
Elisa Mameli, Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, UK

Phygital Gap Analysis offers a practical, science‑driven way to strengthen employee well‑being and organizational performance in hybrid workplaces. Building on Batat’s EMX framework, it evaluates personal, social, and cultural factors through both physical and digital lenses to reveal how everyday interactions shape the employee experience. By identifying misalignments between physical and digital touchpoints, the method helps organizations diagnose sources of friction and co‑develop solutions directly with employees. A fictitious case study of ROVAN, an international apparel company, illustrates how the approach surfaces phygital tensions—such as fragmented recognition or disconnected onboarding—and translates them into actionable strategies. The result is a clearer understanding of how hybrid environments influence well‑being and a structured pathway for improving employee experience in ways that also enhance firm performance.

Cite as: Gustafsson, A., Bartikowski, B., Lund, K., Gori, S. & Mameli, E. (2026). “Phygital Gap Analysis for Enhanced Employee Experience.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 94-107, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

314 Total Reads

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Article • PBR 2026 Winter Issue • Phygital Ecosystems: Adapt or Die

Gamification as Value Combination in Business Model Innovation: Hedonic Depth and Practitioner Utility in Phygital Contexts

Taewon Suh, McCoy College of Business, Texas State University, USA

Gamification is a powerful engine for transforming phygital business models into emotionally engaging, co‑created customer value. This study positions gamification as a strategic integrator that connects physical and digital touchpoints, amplifying engagement and shifting customer experience from basic usability to richer, hedonic interaction. By acting as both a bi‑directional amplifier and a value‑combination slot, gamification strengthens phygital business model innovation and reshapes how customers participate in value creation across connected ecosystems. The paper outlines where gamification delivers the greatest impact, how slot‑filler logic can be applied effectively, and how firms can avoid common implementation pitfalls. It also highlights opportunities for future research, including cross‑industry testing, longitudinal studies, and cultural comparisons, as well as the influence of emerging technologies on human‑centered phygital design. These insights show how gamification can elevate phygital strategies into more adaptive, emotionally resonant experiences that deepen customer involvement and brand connection.

Cite as: Suh, T. (2026). “Gamification as Value Combination in Business Model Innovation: Hedonic Depth and Practitioner Utility in Phygital Contexts.” Phygital Business Review. Winter Issue, pp. 110-122, American Phygital Association Publisher: New York.

248 Total Reads

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